The symptoms of MS can be similar in males and females. However, what these factors might be is currently unknown. Experts theorize that environmental or behavioral factors may be driving new cases. Today, females account for an increasing proportion of people with MS. More research is necessary to confirm this. For instance, pregnancy can often reduce MS symptoms, and females are more likely to have a relapse after giving birth.Īdditionally, because males are generally less likely than females to develop autoimmune diseases, scientists believe that male sex hormones may reduce the risk of conditions such as MS. The reasons for this are not entirely clear, but it seems that hormones such as estrogen influence MS. Sex is also an important factor, as MS is more common in females than in males. This may be due to sunlight exposure and vitamin D, but other factors - such as genetics among certain demographics, local infections, and other environmental differences - may also play a role. Geographical location: MS is more common among people who live farther away from the equator.Genetics: Having a parent or sibling with MS increases a person’s likelihood of developing the condition by 2–3%.Low levels of vitamin D may increase a person’s risk of developing MS. Low levels of vitamin D: Vitamin D helps support immune function and protect against immune-mediated diseases, such as MS.Obesity: Researchers have linked obesity in childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood with an increased risk of developing MS in later life.Smoking: People who smoke are twice as likely to develop MS as those who do not smoke.
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